Haemorrhoids

DEFINITION

Haemorrhoids (also known as piles) occur when a vein or veins
found in the anus (the lower end of the bowel) become dilated and
inflamed. Haemorrhoids are similar to varicose veins, but occur in
the region of the anus.

DESCRIPTION

There are three types of haemorrhoids:.

External haemorrhoids – small spots of bleeding that occur
under the skin around the anus that feel like hard lumps.
Internal haemorrhoids – found inside the rectum and are usually
painless but may bleed.
Prolapsed haemorrhoids – a more severe and painful form of
internal haemorrhoids. These haemorrhoids push through the anus and
hang out of the body, especially after going to the toilet.

RISK FACTORS

Certain activities can weaken the tissue that provides support
to the blood vessels in the anus and rectum and increase the risk
of haemorrhoids developing..

These activities include:

Increasing age
Constipation
Prolonged straining (eg. long periods on the toilet, heavy
manual labour)
Pregnancy.

SYMPTOMS

Bleeding (the blood is usually bright red and is usually
noticed on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl). Note: haemorrhoids
may not be the cause of rectal bleeding and it is important that
patients with rectal bleeding visit their doctor to determine the
cause.
Lumps or prolapse (appearance of the internal lining of the
anus outside the anal aperture) after defaecation
Pain or discomfort
Itching
Burning sensation
Soiling of the underwear.
Internal haemorrhoids may cause a feeling that a bowel movement
was incomplete. Note: rectal tumours may also cause a feeling of
incomplete evacuation, so it is important to see your doctor to
rule out more serious conditions such as colorectal cancer.

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Consult your Doctor to diagnose and treat this condition. A
procedure called sclerotherapy (where the haemorrhoid is injected
with a chemical called phenol) is used to control bleeding from
haemorrhoids. Larger haemorrhoids may require ‘rubber band
ligation’, where a small rubber band is tightly applied to internal
haemorrhoids and causes the haemorrhoid tissue to die.

DIET HINTS

Increase the amount of fibre in the diet to make the stools
softer and to reduce straining.
Chronic constipation is considered a major cause for the
formation of haemorrhoids. The diet should be high in vegetables,
fruits, cereals and water to provide the fibre and fluids required
to soften faecal matter.
Increase soluble fibre intake. Soluble fibre is found in fresh,
raw fruits and vegetables and rolled oats. See the Constipation
Diet topic on Healthpoint for further dietary advice.
Vitamin C and bioflavonoids are thought to strengthen the walls
of blood vessels. Foods high in vitamin C and bioflavonoids are
fresh raw fruits and vegetables, especially cabbage, green peppers,
citrus fruits with the pith included, rosehips and blackcurrants
and whole grains, seeds and nuts.
Avoid packaged and refined foods. These promote dehydration and
are low in fibre. Increase the consumption of fresh whole
foods.
Avoid constipating foods such as red wine, chocolate, tea,
coffee, cocoa and cola.

VITAMINS/MINERALS/HERBS

Vitamin C may strengthen rectal tissue and therefore be
beneficial in treating haemorrhoids
Bioflavonoids such as rutin and hesperidin have been shown to
be effective in treating haemorrhoids. Bioflavonoids may reduce
swelling and prevent bleeding of haemorrhoids.
Butcher’s broom is a herb that may constrict and reduce
inflammation of haemorrhoidal tissuehas anti-inflammatory actions
and constricts blood vessels. Buther’s Broom is particularly
effective for the relief of burning and itching from
haemorrhoids.
Witch hazel can be applied directly to treat bleeding
haemorrhoids and relieve inflammation and pain.
Aloe vera can be applied directly to the haemorrhoid via a gel.
This can relieve pain and soothe the burning sensation. Aloe vera
can also be taken internally as a juice and can be healing and
soothing to the digestive tract..
Horse chestnut can improve circulation and reduce swelling of
haemorrhoids. It can also make blood vessels more elastic.
Flaxseed oil can assist in regularity of bowel movements and
reduce straining. The essential fatty acids can promote tissue
healing.
Psyllium is a good fiber supplement which can reduce the pain
and bleeding associated with haemorrhoids.
Acidophilus a probiotic contains friendly bacteria such as
lactobacillus which can improve digestion and constipation.

AROMATHERAPY

The listed essential oils are suggested for the temporary
relief of the discomfort of Haemorrhoids. The most specific oils
are shown in capitals.

CYPRESS, HYPERICUM

Application

DIRECT: Blend 10 drops Cypress essential oil to 10mL (1/3 fl
oz) carrier oil. Hypericum infused oil makes an excellent carrier
oil for the health management of Haemorrhoids as it is specific in
its application for this particular complaint.

The above recommendations are for an adult. For children 2 to
12 years and during pregnancy, use less than 1/2 dose i.e. 3 drops
to 10ml (1/3 fl oz).

PHARMACIST’S ADVICE

Ask your Pharmacist for advice.

Follow the Diet Hints
Keep the bowels regular and avoid constipation. Ask your
Pharmacist about some fibre products if you are having any
difficulty. Stool softeners are suggested for some patients.
If the pain is severe, there are pain-relieving tablets
available. Be aware that codeine may cause constipation.
Your Pharmacist can recommend a suitable Haemorrhoid ointment.
Ask for advice.
Use a mild soap and water after each bowel movement to clean
the area and then pat dry to provide hygiene and help with the
healing. Using a medicated wipe may also help.
Some dietary supplements may be taken if the diet is
inadequate. Ask your Pharmacist for advice on dosages and
interactions.
A gentle astringent such as witch hazel lotion has a soothing
effect when applied to Haemorrhoids. The astringency of witch hazel
helps to draw together and heal the veins, providing relief by
cooling and relieving the inflammation. It can be applied icy cold
or warm, depending on which is more effective for the
individual.

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